Military and Strategic Journal
Issued by the Directorate of Morale Guidance at the General Command of the Armed Forces
United Arab Emirates
Founded in August 1971

2024-02-01

Saab’s Stealthy Reign Under the Waves

Submarines, crucial in diverse operations, play pivotal roles, from covert manoeuvres to offensive engagements requiring a variety of weapons. Saab’s submarines, characterised by evolutionary and modular design, provide a flexible configuration catering to the diverse needs of global navies. 
 
This adaptability allows for seamless upgrades and modifications to meet evolving mission requirements, ensuring the submarines remain future-proof. 
 
Additionally, the design facilitates convenient access to equipment installations, enabling maintenance and upgrades at any stage in the submarine’s lifecycle.
Expeditionary and blue water submarines rely on autonomy and engagement from a distance where surveillance ability, endurance, speed, evasiveness, stealth and high versatility in engagement capabilities is important for mission success. 
 
Operational Agility
Effective weapon launch systems on submarines offer extraordinary operational flexibility and enables submarines to carry a diverse array of weapon types, including anti-ship missiles, land-attack missiles, torpedoes and mines, all in the same launch system. 
 
This flexibility allows submarines to adapt quickly to changing mission requirements without the need for extensive reconfiguration.
 
To ensure the required flexibility and achieve launch capability across the submarine’s entire operating depth and speed range, the United States adopted a pumped water system many decades ago. Compatibility with U.S. weapon systems, including the Mk48 Mod 7 and specifically the Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM), necessitates the submarine to be equipped with a compatible pumped water launch system. 
 
Not all pumped water systems are equal. The U.S., having employed a water ram system for decades, identified limitations with fixed-stroke launch systems, such as reduced flexibility and significant drawbacks like noise and time delay during rapid water ram return strokes for salvo firing.
 
Rotary Pump Advancement 
Moreover, a water ram solution inevitably leads to more equipment and control systems in the harsh environment outside of the pressure hull which cannot be easily maintained, potentially leading to poor reliability/availability. Hence the U.S. moved to compact rotary pumps in the early 1980’s. This technology progression was then adopted in ocean going SSK submarines such as Walrus, Upholder (now Victoria), and Collins.
 
The integration of complex weapon systems requires the exchange of sensitive information authorised for release at Government-to-Government level. Having integrated these U.S. weapons, Saab and its suppliers have already established the required protocols for information handling, on previous projects, thus reducing schedule risk to the project. 
 
This information covers weapon initialisation details, including required dynamic behaviour during launch, transitioning through the tube, and achieving full vehicle trajectory control ahead of the submarine. Complex weapons utilise a rotary pump solution for precise dynamics during launch initiation.
 
Moreover, the unusual configuration of the TLAM, requiring both additional energy, specific launch profile requirements and tube design flow-optimised for the specific version of TLAM e.g., Block III, IV or V, achieve launch success. Launch system offered by Saab has demonstrated its ability to successfully launch TLAM.
 
Proven Designs 
Saab offers a weapon and combat system suite based on proven designs from suppliers that have their systems operational on submarines, providing confidence, knowledge and experience. 
 
The integrated Combat Management System (CMS) serves as the central hub of a naval submarine, crucial for successful weapon launches alongside the weapon tubes and discharge solutions. 
 
Combining hardware and software, the CMS processes vital data, presenting it in a user-friendly format to facilitate the crew’s mission execution and operational objectives at sea. A fully integrated CMS supports swift decision-making, ensuring the fastest detection-to-engagement loop for the submarine commander. 
 
Without a fully integrated CMS, a submarine may experience delays in responding, requiring operators to switch between systems and consoles after detection. 
 
This CMS includes a weapon control manager that has been developed with an emphasis on simple upgradeable capability insertion via modular hardware and software components, that supports the firing of Mk48 torpedoes.
 
In submarine design, ensuring adaptability to evolving threats and providing versatility for launching different weapons and payloads throughout the submarine’s life is crucial.
 
Leveraging the Expeditionary submarine’s capabilities demands deep knowledge and extensive experience in proven designs and the development of a tailored submarine in collaboration with the weapon launch and CMS providers.
 

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