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2024-12-11
P.1HH HammerHead: Striking High-Tech Solutions for ISR
The Piaggio Aerospace P.1HH HammerHead Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) stands out as a top-tier solution within the Medium Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) category, engineered specifically for Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) missions.
With a unique blend of extended range, versatile speeds, rapid climb capability, high operational ceiling, and adaptable payload options, it offers end-users a powerful, multi-functional defence asset that surpasses the performance of typical MALE systems, establishing itself as a true “Super MALE” UAS.
The P.1HH is engineered to excel in defence and security missions, pushing the boundaries of operational flexibility and setting a new standard in Concept of Operations (CONOPS) for advanced unmanned systems.
Derived from P.180 Avanti II — the fastest twin-turboprop aircraft globally, with a 20-year service record and over 800,000 flight hours — it incorporates the Avanti II’s high-performance features. This provides an unmatched combination of speed, stability, and adaptability tailored for complex mission requirements.
The design aims at being a unique ISR platform, able to climb up to 45,000 feet, loitering quietly at low speed (135 KTAS) for an endurance of up to 16 flight hours and dashing at very high speed (up to 395 KTAS) to target.
Its abilities include being able to host numerous payload combinations and to perform manifold missions: aerial, land, coastal, maritime and offshore security, Communications Intelligence and Electronic Intelligence (COMINT/ELINT), electronic warfare as well as other roles.
Built on Piaggio’s proven technologies and Selex ES’s expertise in mission management systems, it is engineered as an all-weather aircraft with twin turboprop propulsion. The design ensures maximum safety, operational reliability, and one of the lowest incident rates in its category, making it an exceptionally dependable choice for complex defence operations.
Increased Wingspan
The UAV boasts a patented three-lifting surface configuration and high aspect ratio laminar wings, optimised with an increased wingspan to support larger masses. It features quick-detachable outer wings for rapid deployment in remote areas. It is based on a certified Mach 0.70 airframe.
Engine Excellence
The HammerHead power plant has two, highly dependable Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-66B turbine engines integrated with low noise 5 blade scimitar propellers.
The Power Plant is controlled by two Engine Interface Units that obtain commands from the Flight Control Computer (FCC) to drive the turbine and the propeller governors while managing engine and propeller data.
A large upper fuselage tank, supported by a robust carry through beam, is integrated to provide the required fuel quantity for long range and endurance.
It also inherits Piaggio Aerospace P.180 aircraft general systems, e.g.: Anti Ice, with hot air on main wing, electrical on forward wing and pneumatic boots on the engine nacelle inlet. It has a hydraulic dual pressure system for landing gear extensions/retraction and brake activation, plus other ancillary systems like fire extinguishing for the engine nacelle area. These subsystems are commanded by the Vehicle Control & Management System (VCMS), via fail-safe Remote Interface Units.Fuel Network
A smart fuel system is designed to control and minimise the movement of the aircraft centre of gravity for maximum operational flexibility in a wide range of mission payloads. The triple redundant 28VDC electrical generation and distribution system supplies energy for all aircraft functions with suitable operational reserve through the envelope, and entirely satisfies large power demands from a variety of power consuming payloads.
The P.180 fuselage provides low drag and ample space for efficient payload and equipment housing.
System Reliability
The UAS features an advanced VCMS integrated with a Mission Management System (MMS) to control the UAV and its mission-specific equipment. The VCMS, managed from the Ground Control Station (GCS) via an airborne datalink, operates aerodynamic surfaces and onboard systems through a triple-redundant Flight Control Computer (FCC) and multi-lane Servo Interface Units (SIUs) for mission reliability.
Position and attitude data are ensured by triple-redundant Inertial Sensors and Air Data Probes. The system includes an Automatic Take-Off and Landing (ATOL) function, dual-redundant sensors, and optimised fuselage design for mission safety and maintainability.
Command Connectivity
It is commanded from an advanced GCS housed in an autonomous shelter, supporting the crew and equipment to manage up to three UAVs. The crew remotely controls the UAVs and their payloads through the VCMS and MMS, using an integrated human/machine interface.
The GCS is equipped with multiple Ground Data Terminals (GDT) and Air Data Terminals (ADT) on the UAVs, providing both Line of Sight (LOS) and Beyond Line of Sight (BLOS) links for vehicle control and encrypted data transmission via multi-frequency RF and Ku/Ka Band SATCOM. Mission data is transmitted to headquarters through these links.
Redefining ISR Patrols
The MMS is based on Selex ES skyISTAR technology, which redefines the concept of patrolling and ISR missions, to encompass threats that range from terrorist attacks to illegal immigration, as well as protection of Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ), infrastructures and critical sites.
It is an open architecture, advanced integrated sensor mission management system, capable of responding to varied threats and can be easily integrated with any aircraft.
SkyISTAR is designed for medium and small uncrewed aircraft, specialising in ISR missions. It integrates avionics, ground elements, and a console, enabling operators to analyse data and transmit optimised information via a data link. The system offers selectable autonomy levels for persistent surveillance, ensuring the operator receives timely, relevant information with reduced workload.
The on-board airborne MMS manages sensors, video and data and communications, and is capable of recording video and mission data.
Global Surveillance
The P.1HH is primarily used for maritime surveillance, anti-submarine warfare, and ISR. Countries with significant maritime interests, such as France, Greece, and Spain, have shown interest in acquiring it to enhance their naval surveillance capabilities.
Operational Capability
It is capable of performing a wide range of tasks in both military and civilian contexts, with a particular emphasis on maritime, coastal, and border security operations.
Here are some of the key missions and roles that the UAS is designed to perform:
Maritime Surveillance and Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA): One of the primary missions for the Piaggio P.1HH is maritime surveillance. It can monitor large areas of ocean, detect maritime threats, and assist in operations such as search and rescue, counter-piracy, and anti-smuggling. It provides real-time information to operational command centres, enhancing situational awareness and allowing for timely responses to emerging threats.
Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW): The Piaggio P.1HH is capable of supporting Anti-Submarine Warfare operations, which are crucial for detecting and neutralising submarine threats, especially in strategic areas. It is also capable of detecting and tracking submerged submarines or other sub-surface threats in coastal or open ocean environments.
It can be equipped with sonar buoys and advanced radar systems, which allow it to detect sonar signatures and other underwater movements, supplementing traditional ASW platforms such as ships and helicopters.
The P.1HH can provide targeting data for other naval platforms, including surface ships and submarines, to engage detected submarine threats effectively.
Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance: The ISR mission is central to the P.1HH’s capabilities. It provides high-quality intelligence by gathering real-time information from both surface and air domains. It is capable of collecting intelligence over a large area, particularly in regions where there may be limited human presence or in areas of conflict, such as in the Mediterranean, Middle East, or North Africa.
Equipped with high-definition EO/IR cameras, SAR, and signals intelligence (SIGINT) systems, it can detect and track potential threats, monitor enemy activities, and relay critical data to operational commanders. With an endurance of up to 16 hours, it can cover a significant area and provide continuous surveillance without the need for frequent refuelling.
Border and Coastal Surveillance: The P.1HH is well-suited for border patrol and coastal surveillance missions, particularly in regions with extensive coastlines or maritime borders. This mission is important for countries facing security threats related to illegal migration, smuggling, and incursions. It can carry EO/IR systems to detect people or vessels trying to cross maritime borders illegally. It can use radar to detect small boats or hidden vessels close to shore.
Search and Rescue (SAR): The HammerHead can be deployed for SAR missions, particularly in maritime environments, where it can help locate missing persons or vessels in distress.
Environmental Monitoring: It is suitable for environmental monitoring missions, where it can be used to gather data about marine ecosystems, pollution, and weather conditions. It is capable of monitoring oceanographic and meteorological conditions, as well as oil spills or other pollution events in marine environments. Its ability to gather continuous data over long periods of time makes it useful for tracking environmental changes or natural events like storms, while providing scientists with essential real-time data.
Force Multiplier for Naval and Air Assets: P.1HH can act as a force multiplier for naval ships, submarines, and manned aircraft, enhancing their capabilities without requiring additional personnel or risk.
Essential Asset
To sum up, this UAS is engineered for diverse operational roles, with a focus on security. Its cutting-edge sensors, long endurance, and deployment options make it ideal for tasks such as surveillance, anti-submarine warfare, border monitoring, and environmental oversight.
As demand for persistent surveillance grows, the P.1HH HammerHead stands out as a vital asset for enhancing defence and maritime security operations.
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